POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SITUATION OF GERMANS IN SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR

Аннотация

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the South Kazakhstan region, namely Aulieata and
Shymkent (Chernyaev) districts, was one of the main German settlements. These areas, which belong to the Syrdarya
region of the Turkestan region, have been inhabited by Germans since the last quarter of the 19th century and are
considered to be one of the main European ethnic groups. The Germans interacted with the local population and
contributed to the development of ethno-demographic processes in the region. However, the development of such
processes and the political and social life of the Germans had a negative impact on the First World War. At the
beginning of the twentieth century, this war, which was a major international factor, created a great war between the
empires, and it also divided the peoples.
From the first days of the First World War, 1914-1918, relations between the Russian Empire and Germany
were at war. This situation changed the political life of the Germans and the German community living in the
Russian Empire. Such changes took place especially in the lives of German settlers in the European part of the
empire. His main examples were the military persecution of Germans, the stigmatization of Germans in society, the
establishment of chauvinistic attitudes among ethnic groups, and similar factors. In Russia, local Germans have been
labeled "internal enemies." The fate of German communities in all regions of the Russian Empire was closely
monitored in 1914-1918, and in general, since 1914, the fate of the Germans has been very constructive. At the same
time, there is a legitimate question as to whether the situation in the Turkestan region is the same as in other regions
of the Russian Empire. Similarly, the article raises questions about the situation of Germans in Shymkent and
Aulieata districts of the Syrdarya region, and seeks answers in this regard. The article examines the political situation
and social life of Germans in the South Kazakhstan region during the First World War. The main task of the article is
to show the life of local Germans and their place in society. In addition, the political and social history of other
peoples in the region will be considered.