EFFECTIVE CATALYSTS FOR THE SELECTIVE RESTORATION OF AROMATIC MONO- AND DINITRO COMPOUNDS
Ключевые слова:
aromatic nitro compounds, catalytic reduction, aromatic amines, selective catalysis, liquid-phase hydrogenation.Аннотация
This article discusses the issues of catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to obtain valuable
intermediate and final products-aromatic amines. The most important method for producing amines from nitro
compounds is catalytic reduction with hydrogen on catalysts. The article describes in detail the choice of catalysts for
hydrogenation of nitro compounds at atmospheric and high hydrogen pressure. Studies of hydrogenation reactions of
aromatic nitro compounds on nickel, copper and iron catalysts are discussed. Hydrogenation of aromatic nitro
compounds on catalysts based on palladium, platinum, and rhodium deposited on various carriers, including
nanodiamonds, is considered. Catalysts based on supported palladium catalysts with copper additives showed high
selectivity in the hydrogenation of nitro groups in nitro compounds with functional groups; and with the addition of
platinum and rhodium, during the reduction of both nitro groups and the aromatic ring in nitrobenzene. In the works
on the use of nanodiamonds, it was found that catalysts based on platinum and palladium nanoparticles of 4-5 nm in
size, fixed on nanodiamonds, were highly active in liquid-phase hydrogenation reactions of nitro compounds under
mild conditions. The data described by the authors on theoretical issues and practical problems of catalytic
hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds are very relevant. The article is based on the analysis of domestic and
foreign literature and may be useful to specialists in the field of catalysis.
